Thermal Expansion and Contraction ꞉ Materials like concrete and steel expand and contract with temperature changes. Expansion joints absorb these movements, preventing cracks and structural damage.

Load‐Induced Movements ꞉ Heavy traffic loads can cause structural movements. Expansion joints help in accommodating these loads without causing undue stress on the structure.

Seismic Movements ꞉ In earthquake‐prone areas, expansion joints allow for controlled movement during seismic activity, reducing the risk of structural failure